Unlike the past few years, Nigeria has made great improvements in its social economy. The malnutrition of some citizens still exists. She has long been plagued by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure and poor macroeconomic management. This has led her to over-reliance on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 65% of budget revenue. However, certain government and economic reforms have brought about significant improvements, from an estimated 2003 per capita GDP increase from $430 to $1,000 in 2005. The unemployment rate was reduced from 3.2% in 1997 to 2.9% in 2005. Banking and consolidation of microfinance banking and CBN led Nigerian banks to be one of the best banks in Africa. The peak of the whole thing was the $37 billion in historical debt relief that Nigeria provided to the Paris Club in March 2006. Despite these recent developments, 70% of Nigerians are still in negligence. Malnutrition and poverty lines below 60% in 2000. To clarify malnutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient, I categorize nutrition problems in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to review the government's efforts and propose how to liberate the country from the alienation that threatens the future of the country.
Nutritional issues.
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Although these three nutritional issues constitute a summary of malnutrition in the country, it will be a good thing to review the entire issue one by one. Malnutrition is the biggest nutritional problem, mainly in rural areas and by people who travel to cities to find greener pastures. Malnutrition is characterized by insufficient intake of large amounts of nutrients [ie, calories and protein]. According to President Obasanjo, "nearly half of Nigeria's 7- to-13-year-old children are underweight". Many children and adults go to bed, and some eat a meal a day, most of which is carbohydrates. This leads to malnutrition and protein deficiency. This is the main reason for kwashiorkor and is more unique for people living in tropical Africa. For adults, the recommended dietary allowance [RDA] for protein is 0.79 g / Kg [0.36 g / 1b] body weight per day. For children and babies, RDA has doubled and tripled due to the rapid growth of RDA. This is the root cause of stunting and deformation in growing children. One in five Nigerian children died before the age of five, mainly because millions of Nigerians live on less than one dollar a day, while others rely on street begging for food for a living.
Overnutrition is mainly a problem for adults and adolescents, especially urban residents. This is a rapidly escalating public nutrition issue that primarily reflects changes in diet patterns and more sedimentary lifestyles. The Nigerian economy is conducive to specific groups rather than other groups, the poor become poorer and the rich become rich and the proportion of overnutrition is higher - the human disease in Nigeria. This nutritional problem is now dramatically increasing with diet-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and some diet-related cancers. These chronic diseases lead to human suffering, social suffering, declining productivity and the economic burden of health and other economic sectors. The country's obsessive population growth has affected the country's current and near-labor workforce and the country's productivity.
Last but not the list is micronutrient deficiencies. This is insufficient intake of key vitamins and minerals. This has been the case for the poor and wealthy rural and urban residents. Hunger is hidden under the guise of Nigerian society. Lack of vitamins and minerals can cause irreversible damage to children's physical and mental development. This is why this malnutrition is centered on pregnant women and children. According to some empirical conclusions, it has been observed that even during fetal development and infancy, moderate iodine deficiency has been shown to reduce IQ levels by 10-15 points. Folic acid deficiency is associated with severe birth defects. Insufficient iron can affect children's ability to grow and learn, reduce their concentration and participate fully in school and social interaction and development; it can also lead to reduced material mortality and lower labor productivity. There are records showing that 40% of children under the age of 5 suffer from vitamin A deficiency.
The three major nutritional problems in Nigeria pose a huge challenge to the country's faltering economy, resulting in reduced imports of expensive protein-rich foods and oil and animal feed. Many parents are now giving up the task of breastfeeding, all of which, among other factors, can lead to malnutrition in Nigeria, and she is now experiencing a rapid socio-economic revolution.
Government action before democratic politics
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The Nigerian economy is dominated by agriculture and trade and flourished during the colonial rule of the 19th century. In the 1960s and 1970s, the oil industry developed and drove a significant increase in export revenues and allowed large-scale investments in industry, agriculture, infrastructure and social sciences.
In the 1980s, Nigeria's oil prices fell sharply, economic management was poor, and continued military rule. In 1983, the United States Agency for International Development [USAID] began providing assistance to the federal and state health ministries in Nigeria to develop and implement family planning and child survival programs. In 1992, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes were added to existing health activities, and the United States Agency for International Development committed $135 million to the bilateral assistance programme between 1986 and 1996, as Nigeria initially successfully implemented structural adjustments. The plan, but later abandoned the program. The United States-Nigeria relationship on human rights violations, the failure to transition to democracy, and the lack of cooperation between the Nigerian government on drug trafficking have led to a disruption of the $150 million assistance package between 1993 and 2003. By the mid-1990s, these problems led to restrictions on the activities of the United States Agency for International Development, which may benefit the military government. The existing health programme has been redesigned with a focus on working through grassroots Nigerian NGOs and community groups.
In 1987, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [IITA] under the leadership of Dr. Kenton Dashiell, a principal researcher, conducted a vague effort in Nigeria to combat widespread malnutrition. They encourage the use of nutritious, economical soybeans in their daily food. They further stated that soybeans are about 40% more protein than the common vegetable or animal food sources in Africa. By adding corn, rice and other grains to soybeans, the resulting protein meets the standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO]. Soy also contains about 20% oil, 85% of which is unsaturated and contains no cholesterol. Despite many good programs to promote malnutrition during this period, there are many other socio-economic incentives that hindered the spread and functioning of these programs before the democratic era. Due to the autocratic government, economic instability during this period has been largely conducive to malnutrition. Little or no intensive efforts to fight malnutrition. This period can be identified as the period of egoism - when the private interests of the government predominate, the suffering people are sacrificed.
Future intervention
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The most interesting part of this period is that it is characterized by commitment and hope. Commitment is the main working tool of this period, and hope is always there to maintain commitment. President Obasanjo pledged to support better coordination of nutrition activities and projects in Nigeria during his meeting with the Presidential International Nutrition Science Alliance in 2002. He further stated that "the high prevalence of malnutrition is totally unacceptable to this government. Assume to the President of the INOS that he will do everything possible to ensure that resources are available to improve household food security, greater access to health care and better care for mothers, including support for breastfeeding.
On September 27, 2005, Nigerian President Olu segun Obasanjo opened the Nasarawa State School Feeding Program at Laminga Elementary School. The program is fully funded and managed by the state of Nasarawa, making it a unique model in Africa today. The epoch-making event is one of the promises to eliminate malnutrition, especially in children, who found that many people between the ages of 7 and 13 are underweight. He also promised to reach about 27 million children in the next 10 years.
Other international organizations, such as the World Health Organization [WHO], the United Nations International Children's Fund [UNICEF], and the United States Agency for International Development [USAID], began in 1992 but occupied more during the democratic regime. The foundation. All of these people and more are working to eradicate poverty and malnutrition.
Some nutritional improvement programs have many challenges. The government needs to incorporate some nutrition research into national policies. They should be able to reach the corner of the country. They should be able to coordinate all departments of anti-nutrition institutions. There is a great need for more effective intervention.
Nutrition is now an intervention problem and an inevitable responsibility of every country. Although it...
Orignal From: The impact of nutrition on national productivity and healthy growth
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