Ancient
Former Mycenae
Silver used in ancient Italy and Greece for personal decorations, boats, jewelry, arrows, weapons and coinage. It is inlaid and plated. It is also mixed with gold to produce platinum and mixed with alkali metals.
An example of ancient jewellery was found in the tomb of Queen Puaby of Sumerian Ur [now known as Tall al-Muqayyar] in 3000 BC. In the basement, the Queen's body is covered with jewels made of gold, silver, lapis lazuli, carnelian, agate and chalcedony beads.
The Aegean land is rich in precious metals. The vast treasures found in the earliest prehistoric classes on the Troy ruins could not be later than 2000 BC. The largest of these, called Priam's Treasure, is a large silver cup with gold ornaments, a carefully designed double crown or chest, six bracelets, 60 earrings or hair bands, and nearly 9,000 beads. Silver is widely used in Greek islands, although only a few simple blood vessels, rings, needles and headbands survive.
Mycenae and Minos.
Three silver dagger blades were found in a public tomb in Kumasa. Seals and ornaments of the same age have also been found in these areas. The silver cup found in Gournia dates back to about 2000. Some vases and kettles from Mycenae are also made of silver. Some Mycenae blades are bronze inlaid
Gold, silver, nello and electronics.
Bronze Age to Iron Age
In Greece, a carved and embossed silver bowl made by the Phoenicians was discovered. Most of them have exquisite designs of Egyptian or Assyrians, so they may be Greek foreigners.
However, some of the simpler types, decorated with rows of animals and flowers, are difficult to distinguish from the first Greek products. Silver bowls around the 5th century BC can be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, presenting a beautiful floral style.
Silver vases and toiletries were found near the more common bronzes in the Etruscan tombs. For example, the chase powder box at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in the 4th century BC.
Rome
In the 4th century BC, the trend of reviving decorative silverware was revived. In the Hellenistic era, especially in Antioch and Alexandria, this type of work remained a common method of decorating silver products before the end of the Roman Empire.
In the last centuries of the violence of the ancient world, many Roman silverware were buried. The largest Boscoreale treasure [mainly in the Louvre], was accidentally saved
Destroy Herculaneum in 79 AD and kill the volcanic eruption of Pliny. A small hoard found in Hildesheim [now Berlin] also belongs to the early empire. The acquisition and appreciation of the silver plate is a cult in Rome. Technical name of various reliefs
Commonly used [emblemata, sigilla, crustae.] weights are recorded and compared and often exaggerated. In the 2nd century BC, a large number of gold bars came to Rome from the battles of Greece and Asia.
Early Christians and Byzantium
The earliest Christian silver work was closely related to the use of pagan works and embossing and chasing techniques during this period. The design is sometimes classical and decorated with pagan scenes.
Most of the silver has been found in Syria, Egypt, Cyprus, Asia Minor and Russia. It is mainly chalices, censers, candlesticks, bowls and plates. Chase and embossing techniques are often used, but abstract patterns and Christian symbols inlaid in Nillow are also used. Empire control stamps appeared in the 6th and 7th centuries - the early iconic forerunners.
middle Ages
Carolingian and Otto
In the last quarter of the 8th century, the focus of the design was
The use of the human body image and niello [chip engraving technology].
For example, Tassilo Chalice [umlnster Abbey, Austria] and Lindau Gospels book cover [Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City].
The most influential silver design is commissioned by the royal family or the church. There is no fundamental change in the plates and relationships, the altar cross, etc. The Otto works of the late 10th and 11th centuries can only be distinguished from the works of the 9th century in the development of style. For example, Henry II gave Basel's golden altar [c.1023] a larger, larger number, and a strict pleated pattern.
The cathedral [Musée de Cluny, Paris] is distinctly different from the tense and slender characters of the Carolingian period.
Rome
In the 12th century, the church was the main patron of art, working in larger monasteries. Under the guidance of the great churches of Winchester's bishop Henry and Saint-Denis's Abbot Sogel near Paris, new emphasis was placed on the theme and symbolism.
Gold and silver continue to be used as a rich environment for enamel, as a framework for portable altars, or for small devotional double or triple paintings and shrines such as the St. Louis Shrine. Deeriz's Heribert [circa 1160] and Nicholas
The three kings of Cologne in the Temple of Verdun [about 1200].
The growing naturalism of the 13th century is striking in the work of Nicholas. Follower Hugo d' Oignies, the rib sacred object of St. Peter in Namur [1228], heralds the repetition of some crystals, in which the independent relics are exposed to the believer's field of vision; it is decorated with the decoration of Hugo
Specially delicate filigree and enriched by naturalistic hollow leaves and small animals and birds.
The increasing wealth of royal courts, nobles and later merchants led to the establishment of secular studios in large cities and became the foundation of a community or guild of silversmiths, first of all in Paris in 1202.
Due to the rise of the middle class, the late Gothic people saw an increase in the production of secular silver. British mazers [wooden drinking bowls with silver mounts] and silver spoons with a variety of tops are examples of such more moderate plates. Countless large sacred objects and altars
Still producing a variety of plates. At the end of the Middle Ages, these works and the style of the secular plates formed a more distinct national identity, strongly influenced by architectural style: in England, by vertical geometric patterns; in Germany, by heavy and
The singular theme of almost baroque prosperity; and in France, by the fragile elegance of the gorgeous.
The purity standard of silver is strictly controlled and "signature" is implemented; especially in England, the marking of silver is carefully observed.
In the Far East, the skill of the silversmith is unparalleled. From this sturdy silver bowl [photograph is 4 times magnification of the original item], it can be seen in Kampochea [Cambodia], which was produced in 1398, detailing the rule with neighboring Thailand. War of the people.
Islam
The use of gold and silver on Islamic soil is limited because it is prohibited by the Qur'an. Despite the ban
Often overlooked, the enormous value of these items leads to their early destruction and melting. As a result, early Islamic jewellery was extremely rare, with only a few items, such as the buckles and bracelets of the Mongolian period, as well as the Gerona silver chest of Spain and the 13th-century Berlin silver candelabra, embossed embossed animals.
Renaissance to modern
16th century
Using silverware from the New America, Spanish silversmiths, platería, wave their names to the decorative style of this period, Plateresque. Britain was also rich in secular silver in the 16th century, but during the Reformation, most of the church plates were destroyed.
Baroque
The Huguenot silversmiths who left France after the revocation of the Nantes decree in 1685 brought new tastes and craftsmanship in their place of settlement - especially in England, where the most important names of the late 17th and 18th centuries came from France: Pierre Harache, Pierre Platel, David Willaume, Simon Pantin, Paul de Lamerie, Paul Crespin, to name a few. Silver furniture is a feature of the Palace of Versailles, which became fashionable among the royal family and the nobility. It is made up of attached silver plates
A wooden frame. Each suite has a dressing table, glass shelves and a pair of candlesticks. In France, such furniture did not survive the revolution, but there are still many in England, Denmark, Germany and Russia.
In the Far East, Chinese silversmiths have produced some of the most elegant and beautifully crafted silver jewellery, some of which are exported to the Russian royal family.
18th century
Early 18th-century British works combine simple and elegant forms, while Dutch and German goldsmiths have similar styles but a lower proportion. However, the success of English works,
Part of the reason was that all countries except a small portion of French silver were destroyed during the same period. Due to the use of industrial methods by some large producers, the 18th century classical style of Robert and James Adam's British silver is unfair.
Colonial America
The new world silversmiths in the colonial period were mainly from England. In North America, it was first brought to New England by British artisans in the 17th century. The most important centers are Boston, Newport, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Annapolis. Outstanding collections include the Mabel Brady Garvan series at Yale University and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
The wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The North American colony silver is known for its simplicity and elegance, copied or adapted from the then British silver. At the same time colonial silver...
Orignal From: Silver Jewelry - A Brief History
No comments:
Post a Comment