Arabic calligraphy is an art of elegant and stylized handwriting or lettering. It involves the harmonious aesthetics of Arabic characters using pens or brushes and ink. In the Middle East, calligraphy is an art form that is highly appreciated and developed. Its talent lies in endless creativity and versatility.
Arabic calligraphy was born in the 7th century, when Muslim scholars decided to write the Qur'an after the death of the Prophet. For a long time, it was dedicated to writing holy books. no longer.
Today, after 1400 years, Arabic calligraphy can be seen everywhere - from the entrance to the city and houses, to clothing and Islamic jewelry. This article introduces the beautiful writing art of Arabic and the language using Arabic letters - Persian, Hausa, Pashto, Punjabi, Urdu and so on. It is an overview of the five main styles of calligraphy written in Arabic letters.
[a] Riq'a
Riq'a is the most widely used Arabic script today. It is round, densely structured, with short horizontal stems. The letter Alif [the first letter of the Arabic alphabet] has never been written with a barbed head. Riq'a is one of the favorite scripts of the Ottoman calligraphers, and they constantly improve it - thus contributing to its current popularity.
[b] Diwani
If Riq'a is widely used in the Ottoman Empire, then Diwani is the brainchild of Ottoman calligraphers. In the late 15th century, Ibrahim Munif, a calligrapher of Persian and Turkish descent, created Diwani. The most striking feature of Diwani is its ornamental variety. Spaces between letters are used for decoration. Diwani likes to write in the palace.
[c] Kufi
Kufei is a very angular script. Its square shape gives it a unique look. It was developed shortly after the establishment of Basra and Kufate - this is the two cities in the Middle East today. Its main purpose is religious. This may be due to the geometry of Kufi - it is not defined as a strict rule. Therefore, calligraphers who write in Kufi are free to experiment.
[d] Nasher
Together with Kufi, Naskh was one of the earliest scripts used in Arabic calligraphy. It is one of the few scripts that are considered suitable for the Qur'an. Naskh is easy to read and write. These qualities contribute to the spread of the script - from the calligrapher's veranda to the ordinary people. Naskh is written in short horizontal stems. The curve is very deep, the spacing between the letters is appropriate, and the vertical depth and height are almost equal.
[e] Taliq
Taliq is often referred to as Nastaliq. It is widely used to write Persian and Urdu - the language of spelling is based on Arabic letters. Although Nastaliq is widely used in literary works and Muslim jewellery, it is difficult to find it in the Qur'an.
Orignal From: Five popular scripts used in Arabic calligraphy
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