The word "mark" comes from the mark of the goldsmith's hall' London is the first official laboratory for the identification of signs, and the parliament issued a decree to control the precious metals standards circulating in the British Isles. To this day, they still operate one of the four authorized laboratories in the UK.
In the Byzantine period at the beginning of the first millennium, the mark of precious metal objects was in the Byzantine period. However, it was under the rule of King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanx ' due to his size, this sign was originally established. ' Longshanks' Also known as The Hammer' Because he mercilessly conquered Wales and Scotland, they were both feared and respected by friends and enemies.
If you have already seen Braveheart, then you are already familiar with Edward' Longshanks' as a crazy tyrant: However, in fact he is more diplomatic. ' Long Legs ' According to Parlez''s commitment to establish the British Parliament, from the French verb meaning "talk", the theme can approach the king to solve the problem. He also re-established the Magna Carta and introduced laws passed by the Constitutional Government, such as "no tax without representation", which means that no tax can be levied without the consent of the parliament.
Longshanks also implemented the first consumer law between launching the war, fighting the Crusaders, and having 16 children and other sovereign pursuits. He enacted a regulation requiring all silver products to be tested and approved only when they reach the .925 sterling silver to 1000 sterling silver standard. He ordered the use of sterling silver items for the craft's guardian' 39; then who would mark the approved project with the leopard head: the sign of the London laboratory that is still in use today. In the late 14th century, the mark has been refined, including not only the seal of approval of the laboratory, but also the mark of the individual manufacturer and the date system that prohibits accurate dating of any marked work.
Three hundred years later, at the turn of the 17th century, King George I of the Hanoverian dynasty inherited the British throne, and the higher standard of silver was called "Great Britain Silver." Enforced in the British Isles. Britannia silver, thousands of gold. 958 silver to 1000, purchased to protect the new coin made of 925 sterling silver, silver coins melted by silversmiths, making jewelry and decorative items. If the problematic item detected by the inspection office is found to contain only .925 copies, then the silversmith will face a heavy price.
When a product of silver did not meet the required standards, the laboratory was ordered to destroy the silverware and fine the silversmith. If the silversmith is offended for the second time, he will face the public humiliation in "Pillory". Stocks and rotten fruits. If he does this again, a limb will be cut off and the lasting criminal will eventually be executed. The reason behind these harsh reinforcements is that the ultimate quality control is the combination of silver manufacturing and currency casting. Therefore, by degrading these metals, silversmiths are emphasizing coins in this field, which is a rebellious crime. However, by 1720, the parliament had restored the sterling silver standard.
With the expansion of the British Empire and its accumulated trade wealth, other cities outside London, such as Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Chester and Birmingham flourish. Birmingham and most of Central England are known as cities in the industry, as it accepted the industrial revolution. In 1760, John Betts & Sons opened its first precious metal refinery in the suburb of North Hawkley, Birmingham.
The foundry has attracted many people from different industries: gunsmiths, button makers, toy makers, silversmiths and jewelers who have established different regions as the center of their studios. However, the silversmith still needs to travel long distances to Chester or London through horses and carriages to analyze his products. The industrial age considered incredible wealth, but it brought poverty to the events that most people forced people to desperate for survival. The criminal trend of the Robin Hood spirit became very popular during this period, and it was the behavior of the poor gentleman who saved their wealth on the English highway.
This excerpt is from the "London Evening Post" ' November 1749 article about Plunket and Maclaine robbing Horace Walpole. Walpole is a writer and son of Sir Robert Walpole, British Prime Minister. "The stupid man swears that he will shoot him. If he speaks, tell him to give him his watch, then ride on the chariot, take the sword of Mr. Walpole, and some silver from the servant. Riding to Kensington Gate."
Dick Turpin, Tom King, Captain Gallagher, Swift Nick', Plunket and Maclaine have become British folk heroes and the screams of "Stand and Deliver". However, for industrialists like the silversmiths of Mathew Boulton and Birmingham, these felons spelled the financial ruins. In 1773, after Matthew Boulton, owner of the Soho factory in Birmingham, made a fierce lobbying in the London parliament, both Birmingham and Sheffield were allowed to obtain their own analysis office to stop the highway robbery.
Read the sterling silver jewelry - the second part of the history of the British Isles mark.
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Orignal From: Sterling Silver Jewelry - The First Part of the History of the British Isles Mark
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